Makcar wahbam beylikgy



MARCAR WAHRAM BEYLIKGY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

Letters Patent No. 100,005, dated February 22, 18.70. p

IMPROVEMENT 1N THE MANUFACTURE or WATERJPRQQF FABRICS FROM WASTE RUBBER.

The'- Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same To all whom it may concern Be it known that I MAnoAn WAHRAM BEYLIKGY, ofthe city, county, and State of New York, have invented a nev'v and useful Improvement in'the Manufacture ofvWater-Proof' Fabrics fi'om Refuse Rubber; and l do hereby. declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, which will enable others skilled in the art to make and 'use the same.

The object of this invention is to utilize the shavings and refuse of rubber lgoods in the production of a new and useful fabric.

vIt is well known that ordinary vulcanized caoutchouc ceases to lsoluble by the same liquids which dissolved it before, but that such liquids will only cause the rubber to swell and soften. When the liquid is evapof rated'the rubber will become as hard as before, and resume the original form.

When the vulcanized rubber is for a number of days exposed to a temperature of' about 2500 Fahrenheit, it undergoes some structural transformation, loosing its 'rigidity and tenacity, and becomingr an adhesive mass insoluble in water and alcohol, partially soluble in ether, but -wholly soluble in heated tupentine oil, benzole, caoutchoucine, and other essential oils.

This softened rubber which I shall call caoutchoucite, to distinguish it fiom the ordinary rubber, of which it appeals to be only an isomeric modification, is susceptible of vulcanization by any of thewell-known processes of sulphurizing. lt onlyr requires higher telliperat-ure or more time than for the vulcanization of ordinary rubber. The ,product will be as little adhesive and soluble, but less tough, as ordinary vulcanized rubber.

The caontchoucite may be vulcanized like caoutl choucatordinary temperature under theaction of'chlo-l ride of' sulphur diluted with sixty and even a hundred times its weight of sulphide of carbon. This can, however, not he done if' the caoutchoucife is dissolved in turpeutine oil unless reactive medidor is in large excess. l

The caoutchoucite is left for a number of days in the oil of' turpentine, the same heilig mixed with a purposes, but especiaily for the manufacture of waterproof fabrics -and as water-proof layers for fabrics.

The refuse rubber can thus be utilized in some imfied o il of' turpentine that they are entirely submerged in the liquid.

After the rubberhas been covered with its lid, lient is applied by suitable means to produce a constant temperature of about 230O Fahrenheit. While heated,

the mixture is stirred by a. rapid motion of an agitator' K of suitable construction, rotated by suitable means. The rubber decreases in bulk and finally dissolves in the oil; more rubber is then added, and the digestion continued until the dissolution is accomplished, which will last no longer than ten or twelve hours. rlhe vessel is then connected with the condensing chamber of a still, in order to recover most of the Iil of turpentine. This distillation cannot be carried on at the temperature corresponding to the boiling point of the oil of turpentine in the ordinary condition of atmospheric pressure, experience having shown that in that temperature the two kinds of' hydrocarbon which constitute the rubber arefseparated, the less soluble part being thrown Ato the bottom, the rubber having lost its quality, and the components being no more uniformly diffused throughout the whole mass.

The distillation should therefore be performed at a temperature not exceeding 230 Fahrenheit, in a cor responding vacuum. The process may be greatly simplilied by distilling with steam, which runs through the boiling vessel, evaporates the oil of turpentin'e, which separates spontaneously on condensing the vaporous mixture. But the consumption of fuel will in this case be far more considerable for a given amount of rubber, than what is necessary for the motion of'au air-pump.

The residue of distillation is caoutchoucite varnish,

addition of'dissolvent agents in place of mere expos' ure to the dry heat. This method has sfill another advantageof' purifying the rubber and separating it from the foreign matters with which many fabrics are mixed. For this purpose the 'solution is strained and decanted before it is aliowed to concentrate. The seperation of coloring matters is unnecessary 'for black colored vnruishes, so that destroyed rubber shoes may be regarded'as the most economical black-colorin g material.

`'.lhe caoutchoucite may as aforementioned be vulcanized either by hot or cold way. To applyvthe first process, the best way is to effect-the complete separation of two components of caoutchoucite, in order to perform the vulcauization at lower temperatur-eend in shorter time. For this purpose, as soon as the dissolution of rubber in the oil of turpentine is completed `and the stirrer arrested and the boiler connected with still, the temperature is raised to the boiling-point of turpeutine oil, and the varnish keptl in full ebullitiou for about half an hour and left to cool. After the iusoluble part is precipitated, which is completed iu two or three days, the clear solution is drawn off and submitted to concentration in the manner' above described. The solution is, however, previously mixed with three pounds of sulphur for every hundred weight of rubber employed. When the varnish has acquired the necessary thickness it is removed fi'oln'the boiler.

`After the fabrics have been overlaid with this varnish, they are submitted to heat, .vhich is gradually increased from 212 to 390o Fahrenheit during about one hour. Only that side of the cloth fabric which is covered with the-rubber layer should be exposed to the heat.

For the vulcanization in ordinary temperature, the caoutchoucite is reduced to a thick varnish, no separation of its ingredients nor addition of sulphur being required. After the fabrics are overlaid with and dried, they are immersed successively in three reservoirs, which are connected with each other; the first being filled with a mixture of one part of chloride of sulphur with eighty or one hundred parts of sulphide of carbon the second with alcohol containing a small quantity of ammonia, and the last with water. r1`he fabrics remain about teu minutes in each reservoir, and they are by the contents ofthe same vulcanized and washed.

115o Fahrenheit.

The object of the above combination is in the first place will be also recovered by distilliug the water, so that the fabrics may at once be dried. The rubber layer swelled by sulphide of carbon cannot be dried speedily,

layer and injure the fabrics.

For Vwant, of sulphide of carbon, chloroform or crude henzole may'be used, and methylio alcohol may be used for ethylic.

Having thus described my invention,

I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. The herein-described method of' utilizing refuse rubber by applying it to the manufacture of waterproof fabrics, as set' forth.

2. The regained rubber refuse called eaoutchoucite, obtained substantially in the manner herein shown and described.

3". The herein-described method of recovering the solvent of chloride of sulphur after the same has been' used for vulcanizing rubber, as set forth.

me. this 29th day of December, 1869.,

MARCAR WAHRAM BEYLIKGY.

Witnesses:

Guo. W. MABEE, ALEX. F. ROBERTS.

Finally they are dried by exposure to dry heat of about l the recovering of the sulphide of carbon in 'distilliug the alcoholl after it has been 'satin-ated. The alcohol as the expansive power of that iiuid would burst the' The above specification of my invention signed by 

